May 9, 2010

There's no difference between a memory... and a memory of a memory.


I'm writing a paper on long-term memory and music.

Here's an excerpt (it's my last college paper, and therefore not very good, because I'm graduating!!!!!):


Long-term memory can be divided into explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory develops when information is consciously memorized. It consists of events (episodic memory) and concepts (semantic memory). These memories typically must be recalled with some effort (Snyder 76).
On the other hand, implicit memory is acquired unconsciously, through some type of exposure event. It is believed that implicit memory is responsible for people liking and understanding the music of their culture. Several studies have shown that, “passive exposure to music leads to implicit knowledge of tonal relations, musical preferences, and expectancies for melodic continuations.” This automatic type of memory is useful in humans because the brain loves to predict events in music. Implicit memory allows humans to store music, make it familiar, and therefore better predict what will happen. Named the prediction effect (Huron 2006), the brain actually releases a chemical reward when musical events are guessed correctly. This association between prediction and reward may have evolved to cause animals to have a strong sense of anticipation, protecting them from dangerous situations (Thompson 104).

This figure from Bob Snyder’s Music and Memory outlines all the types of long-term memory and their connections to music learning, performance, and understanding:


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